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ADE7752B
THEORY OF OPERATION
The six signals from the current and voltage transducers are
digitized with ADCs. These ADCs are 16-bit, second-order
∑-Δ with an oversampling rate of 833 kHz. This analog input
structure greatly simplifies transducer interface by providing a
wide dynamic range and bipolar input for direct connection to
the transducer. High-pass filters in the current channels remove
the dc component from the current signals. This eliminates any
inaccuracies in the active power calculation due to offsets in the
voltage or current signals (see the HPF and Offset Effects section).
The active power calculation is derived from the instantaneous
power signal. The instantaneous power signal is generated by a
direct multiplication of the current and voltage signals of each
phase. To extract the active power component, the dc compo-
nent, the instantaneous power signal is low-pass filtered on
each phase. Figure 11 illustrates the instantaneous active power
signal and shows how the active power information can be
extracted by low-pass filtering the instantaneous power signal.
This method is used to extract the active power information
on each phase of the polyphase system. The total active power
information is then obtained by adding the individual phase
active power. This scheme correctly calculates active power
for nonsinusoidal current and voltage waveforms at all power
factors. All signal processing is carried out in the digital domain
for superior stability over temperature and time.
The low frequency output of the ADE7752B is generated by
accumulating the total active power information. This low
frequency inherently means a long accumulation time between
output pulses. The output frequency is therefore proportional to
the average active power. This average active power information
can, in turn, be accumulated (for example, by a counter) to
generate active energy information. Because of its high output
frequency and, therefore, shorter integration time, the CF
output is proportional to the instantaneous active power. This
pulse is useful for system calibration purposes that take place
under steady load conditions.
POWER FACTOR CONSIDERATIONS
Low-pass filtering, the method used to extract the active power
information from the individual instantaneous power signal, is
still valid when the voltage and current signals of each phase are
not in phase. Figure 12 displays the unity power factor condi-
tion and a displacement power factor (DPF) = 0.5, that is,
current signal lagging the voltage by 60°, for one phase of the
polyphase. Assuming that the voltage and current waveforms
are sinusoidal, the active power component of the instantaneous
power signal (the dc term) is given by
? ?
? V × 1 ? × cos ( 60 ° ) (2)
? 2 ?
This is the correct active power calculation.
{1+ cos (2 ω t)}
V×I
V×I
2
p(t) = i(t) × v(t)
WHERE:
v(t) = V × cos ( ω t)
i(t) = I × cos ( ω t)
p(t) = V × I
2
V×I
2
TIME
INSTANTANEOUS
POWER SIGNAL - p(t)
INSTANTANEOUS
ACTIVE POWER SIGNAL
VA × IA + VB × IB +
VC × IC
2
IAP
IAN
HPF
ADC
MULTIPLIER
LPF
ABS
|X|
INSTANTANEOUS
TOTAL POWER
SIGNAL
VAP
ADC
IBP
IBN
ADC
HPF
LPF
DIGITAL-TO-FREQUENCY
F1
F2
VBP
MULTIPLIER
ADC
|X|
DIGITAL-TO-FREQUENCY
CF
HPF
ICP
ICN
VCP
VN
ADC
MULTIPLIER
ADC
LPF
|X|
Figure 11. Signal Processing Block Diagram
Rev. 0 | Page 11 of 24
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